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## What is a herniated disc?
A herniated disc, also known as a slipped disc or ruptured disc, is a condition that affects the spine. The spine is made up of a series of bones called vertebrae, which are separated by soft, rubbery discs. These discs act as cushions, absorbing shock and allowing the spine to move and bend. However, when a disc becomes herniated, the soft inner portion of the disc pushes through the tough outer layer.
There are various reasons why a disc may herniate. One common cause is age-related wear and tear. As we get older, the discs in our spine become less flexible and more prone to injury. Other causes include lifting heavy objects improperly, sudden twisting or bending, and repetitive movements that put strain on the spine. It is also thought that there is a genetic component in 50% of the cases.
Common causes of herniated discs
In addition to age-related degeneration, there are several other factors that can increase the risk of developing a herniated disc. These include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and genetic predisposition. People who work in jobs that require heavy lifting or repetitive movements are also more likely to experience a herniated disc. The significant increase in office work it’s also a contributing factor due to the large amount of time spent in a seated position which is very stressful two spinal discs in the neck and low back.
It’s important to note that while these factors can increase the risk, anyone can develop a herniated disc regardless of their lifestyle or occupation. It’s a condition that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds.
Before a disc herniation develops into a bulge which could be just as painful as a herniated disc. Even though the bulge is not contacting a spinal nerve root it does cost signification inflammation and irritation to the nerve fibers that are in the outside of the disc also known as the recurrent meningeal nerve.
Symptoms of a herniated disc
The symptoms of a herniated disc can vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation. Common symptoms include:
- Pain: Herniated discs often cause localized pain in the area of the herniation. For example, if the herniation is in the lower back, you may experience pain in the lower back, buttocks, and legs. The pain may be sharp or dull and can be exacerbated by certain movements or positions. In the case of a neck hernia the person usually has difficult pain in the neck that radiates to the arm, hand and fingers
- Numbness and tingling: When a herniated disc puts pressure on a nerve, you may experience numbness or tingling in the area served by that nerve. For example, if the herniation is in the neck, you may feel numbness or tingling in the shoulders, arms, and hands.
- Weakness: In some cases, a herniated disc can cause weakness in the muscles served by the affected nerve. This can lead to difficulty with grip strength, balance, or coordination.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a healthcare professional such as your General practitioner or Chiropractor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Diagnosing a herniated disc
Diagnosing a herniated disc typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests. During the physical examination, your healthcare provider will check your range of motion, reflexes, and muscle strength. They may also ask you to perform certain movements to determine if they cause pain or discomfort.
To confirm the diagnosis, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be ordered. These tests can provide detailed images of the spine and help identify the location and severity of the herniation. The most useful of these imaging techniques is the MRI scan which allows the doctor to see all angles as well as cross sections and evaluate the hydration levels of the spinal discs.
Treatment options for a herniated disc
The treatment options for a herniated disc depend on the severity of the symptoms and the impact on daily life. In many cases, non-surgical treatments are effective in relieving pain and promoting healing.
Non-surgical treatments for a herniated disc
Non-surgical treatments for a herniated disc may include:
- Rest and modified activity: Taking a break from activities that worsen the symptoms can help alleviate pain and allow the disc to heal. Your healthcare provider may recommend modifications to your daily activities or advise you to avoid certain movements during the healing process.
- Non-Surgical Spinal Decpmpression Therapy- Nonsurgical spinal decompression therapy is a highly effective treatment that involves the use of a motorized traction table to gently stretch the spine, differentiating it from traditional traction methods. This procedure consists of alternating between distraction and relaxation phases, which effectively adjusts the position and force of the spine. By doing so, it relieves pressure from the gel-like discs that act as cushions between the vertebrae. One of the main advantages of this technique is its ability to create a vacuum effect in these discs, resulting in negative intra-discal pressure. This effect helps in retracting bulging or herniated discs while also facilitating the movement of oxygen, water, and nutrient-rich fluid.
- Chiropractic care- Chiropractic care can help with a herniated disc by reducing pain and alleviating symptoms. Chiropractors use techniques such as spinal manipulation and pelvic blocking to reduce pressure on the discs and draw the disc away from the affected nerve, reducing inflammation and associated pain
- Physical therapy: A physical therapist can design a customized exercise program to strengthen the muscles that support the spine, improve flexibility, and alleviate pain. They may also use techniques such as manual therapy, heat or cold therapy, and electrical stimulation to reduce pain and inflammation.
- Pain medication: Over-the-counter or prescription medications may be used to manage pain and reduce inflammation. These can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or analgesics. For severe pain issues opiates are often is prescribed as a short term way of managing pain but it’s definitely not advice for long-term use due to the risk of addiction.
Surgical options for a herniated disc
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat a herniated disc. Surgical options include:
- Discectomy: This procedure involves removing the portion of the disc that is pressing on the nerve. It can be done through a traditional open surgery or a minimally invasive technique, depending on the individual case.
- Laminectomy: In this procedure, a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina is removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. Laminectomy is often performed in conjunction with a discectomy.
- Spinal fusion: In cases where the herniated disc has caused instability in the spine, spinal fusion may be recommended. This procedure involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to provide stability and prevent further herniation.
Recovery and rehabilitation after herniated disc treatment
After undergoing treatment for a herniated disc, it’s important to follow a rehabilitation program to aid in the healing process and prevent recurrence. This may include physical therapy, exercises to improve strength and flexibility, and lifestyle modifications to prevent further injury.
Recovery time can vary depending on the individual and the type of treatment received. It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing.
Preventing future herniated discs
While it may not be possible to completely prevent a herniated disc, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts additional strain on the spine, increasing the risk of disc herniation. Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
- Practice good posture: Proper posture helps distribute the forces on the spine evenly and reduces the risk of injury. Avoid slouching and make sure to use ergonomic furniture and equipment when possible. For people with seated work a standing desk and use of cushioning pads under the feet can also help reduce the risk of the disc flaring up. Proper posture when laying in bed is also essential so be sure to lay on your back or your side in properly supported positions on a bed that suits you.
- Exercise regularly: Regular exercise helps strengthen the muscles that support the spine and improve flexibility. Focus on exercises that target the core, back, and leg muscles especially the glutes (butt muscles)
- Lift properly: When lifting heavy objects, use your legs instead of your back to reduce the strain on the discs. Bend your knees, keep your back straight, and avoid twisting while lifting.
- Wear good shoes- if one has a herniated disc in the lumbar spine wearing good shoes is crucial because they act as the very first shock absorber for your body against the ground so any additional help reduce a strain on the lumbar discs and muscles so we are proper shoes that are suited for the task that you were doing. So if you are going to be walking where shoes that are suitable for walking, running shoes for running, CrossFit shoes for gym work, and in general good comfortable shoes with good shock absorption and proper midfoot support for all your every day tasks and errands
- Supplementation- there is disagreement amongst all the professionals about supplementation regarding spinal discs and cartilage. My opinion is it doesn’t hurt to take it and if you reap the benefits of it later on in life it’s only added value. All the little things that we do add up to a greater effect later on in life.
Conclusion
Understanding herniated discs is crucial for recognizing the symptoms, seeking appropriate treatment, and taking preventive measures. Whether through non-surgical methods or surgical intervention, there are various options available to manage and alleviate the pain caused by herniated discs. By following proper recovery and rehabilitation protocols, individuals can regain their quality of life and reduce the risk of future herniations. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for your specific situation.